Transducing system for photographically recording video images and sound signals related thereto



June 15), 1965 J T. MLILUN 3,189,683

TRANSDUGING SY'STEM FOR PHOTOGRAPHICALLY RECORDING VIDEO IMAGES AND SOUND SIGNALS RELATED THERETO Filed Dec. 9, 19Go 3 Sheets-She-et 2 June 15, 1955 .1. r. MULLIN 3,189,683

TRANSDUCING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOGRAPHICALLY RECORDING VIDEO IMAGES AND SOUND SIGNALS RELA'I'EDl THERETO Filed Dec. 9, 1960 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 United States Patent O TRANSDUCING SYSTEM FOR PHOTOGRAPH- ICALLY RECORDING VIDEO IMAGES AND SOUND SEGNALE RELATED THERET John T. Mullin, Beverly Hiiis, Calif., assigner to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, St. Paul, Minn., a corporation of Delaware Filed Dec. v9, 1966, Ser. No. 75,464 13 Claims. (Ci. U23-5.6)

This invention relates to recording and reproducing systems and, more particularly, to such systems capable of recording and reproducing signals over a wide frequency range such as, for example, video signals.

Conventional apparatus for recording Video information includes either magnetic tape equipment or photographic equipment. At first, photographic equipment was utilized even though it had many disadvantages because the tape equipment was limited at reasonable tape speeds with respect to its usable frequency range. The video image was recorded as successive frames in accordance with conventional motion film techniques. Magnetic tape recording equipment has, however, been developed for transversely recording and reproducing signals covering a relatively wide frequency range across a magnetic tape. This transverse recording equipment is in the main equipment currently utilized for recording video information.

One such transverse recording equipment utilizes a rotary magnetic head assembly provided with magnetic units arranged to sweep successively across a relatively wide magnetic tape. While such equipment is workable, it is subject to a number of important disadvantages. For example, while a fineness of detail can be recorded and reproduced in the the direction of the rotation of the high speed magnetic heads, detail in the direction of motion of the tape is very poor. The detail is poor because of the finite width of the head structure and because the successive transverse tracks must be separated by a few thousandths of an inch to avoid crosstalk between tracks. Another disadvantage is that the high speed rotating heads must be very accurately controlled by high grade servo ysystems to maintain synchronization and low flutter. Further, editing of the tape is diicult because the operator cannot view thepicture by inspecting the surface of the tape. Still another important disadvantage is that the sound accompanying the video image is linearly displaced from the recorded video information and not synchronized with the transverse tracks. This latter disadvantage further complicates the procedure of editing.

In a specific illustrative embodiment of this invention, these disadvantages are overcome utilizing a transverse recording and reproducing system capable of handling high grade picture information accompanied by high fidelity sound. ln the specific illustrative embodiment, high speed mechanical devices are not utilized and instead high speed electronic devices are provided, such as cathode ray tubes and iiying spot scanners. The recording apparatus may include two cathode ray tubes: a cathode ray tube for recording the video signals, and a cathode ray tube for recording the audio signals. The two cathode ray tubes are both associated with a strip of continuously moving film which may function as the recording medium.

The video signals to be recorded may be of the type conventional in the United States comprising a succession of horizontal line scans. The video signals are frequency modulated on a carrier and the modulated carrier is first rectangularized and thenintroduced to the cathode ray tube 'for' recording. Vertical defiection is not required because of the continuous movement of the film strip adjacent the two cathode ray tubes. Gamma and gray scale problems usually associated with film are nonexistent because there are only two states of the cathode ray tube current, on and off. Only two states of current are provided because the modulated carrier is rectangularized before it is introduced to the video cathode ray tube. A typical recorded line of the video information, on examination under a microscope, consists of a series of alternate dark and light dashes, the duration of which changes with the video information.

Features of this invention pertain to means for providing visible images at the film which is readily viewable by an observer. The images are substantially the same as the successive images represented by the input video signals. The frequency modulation of the video signals is such that the lighter portions of the images represented by the video signals provide for lower frequencies and the darker portions for higher frequencies. The successive lines on the film are recorded quite close together and the observer can View and edit the recorded picture quite readily by providing light at an angle to the grating formed by the alternate dark and light dashes of the lines. The resultant interference pattern provides for an image where the closely spaced dots in each line. blend together. Since these spots represent the dark portions of the original image represented by the video signals, a picture of substantially the same as the original image is provided to the observer.

Further features of this invention relate to the provision of means for recording the sound information accompanying the video information in direct line by line synchronization with the transverse lines recorded across the moving film. The audio cathode ray tube, mentioned above, is utilized for transversely recording the sound, and is driven in synchronization with the cathode ray tube for the video signals. Means are provided for sampling the audio signals and for converting the audio signals to pulse duration signals. The pulse duration signals are transversely recorded across part of the film strip and the video modulated carrier is recorded across another part of the film strip. Effectively, a recorded line extending across the film strip lincluudes two parts: a first part for the sound information which is recorded by the audio cathode ray tube, and a second part for the video information which is recorded by the video cathode ray tube. The duration of the pulses derived from the Isound information determines the length of a recorded line in the first part for eachof the transverse lines across the film strip. The successive lines for the sound information on the film strip would appear upon a casual inspection to form a variable area sound track.

The maximum frequency of the sound recordable in this manner is limited by the repetition rate of the transverse lines across the film strip utilized to record the successive pulse duration signals. The sampling rate of the audio signals, however, may be increased by a predetermined ratio and a number of `successive sound lines or group of such lines may be recorded across the audio part of the film strip for each video line across the video part of the film strip. The first of each group of sound lines may be initiated simultaneously with the video line so as to be directly in line with the video line. High fidelity sound information may, accordingly be recorded which is in direct synchronization, line by line, with the video transverse line recording.

A pair of flying spot scanners may be utilized for reproducing the video and sound information recorded on a film strip. Separate photocell means are positioned relative to the lm strip for receiving respectively the video and the audio or sound information illuminated bythe pair of iiying spot scanners. Thus, line yby line, the video lsignals are reproduced at the video plhotocell means as one spot aisaess sweeps across the i'lrn, and at the same time the sound, iu` the form of variabley pulse signals, is developedv at the aud-io photocell means as the other spot sweeps across the film. Means are provided for converting the pulse durationl pulses to 1amplitude modulation, pulses-and for. :inte: grating the lamplitude modulated pulses to provide a varyingl .signal which is. the same as the original audio signal provided-for recording.

lFurther features. of this invent-ion'v pertain to the. prov-ision of noise reduction. means for. avoiding noise dueto the presence of dirt on the lm. strip. Means are pro- Videdvfor cOntroll-ingthe flying spot scanner for the audio signals toinitiateeach trace or line scan at. an opaque portion on the iilm strip. Bach. pulse onI the filmstrip may bev opaque or dark, andthe trace starts just after-the beginning of the recorded pulse. A pulse is developed by the associatedrphotocell means at atime positionwhen the scanningv spot reaches the transparent'portion ofthe hn following the recorded pulse. Dirt; either on the opaque recorded pulse or -onthe transp-arent portion followingfthepulse does not affect the accuracy of the reproduction or introduce any noise.

Further advantages and features of; this invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following description when rcada in conjunction. with the dra-wing wherein: v

vFIGUREl is a functionalrepresentation of. the recording apparatus of the recording. and reproducing system of this invention;

yFIGURE 2 is a functionaly representation of the reproducingapparatus of: the recordingand. reproducing, system of this invention;

EIGURE 3 is a fragmentary view ofthe iilm strip utilizedin the record-ing and reproducing system of this invention illustrating the dispositionV and synchronization of the recorded soundand video signals;

FIGURE 4 is aV diagrammatic representation of` apparatus for viewing the successivelyrecorded images on. the i'ilm strip; andA FIGURE 5 is a pictorial View` of the apparatusr for viewing the successively recordcd'images on the iilm strip,

Referring first to FIGURE 1, which shows the reproducing apparatus of this invention, the signals to be recordedmay be conventional video` sign-als provided by a video input circuit 1.0, and high 'delity audiosignals accompanying the video signals are provided from. an

audio-input circuit 36. The conventional television signal in the United States includes 525' horizontal lines at a repetitionrate-of 15,750 lines per-second for each frame. The-repetition rate ofthe-frames is 30 yframes per second; with eachframe representing a separatefimagetor scene. The' videosignals mayalso include horizont-al and vertical synchronization and blanking pulses.

The video signals 4are introduced from theA circuit 1li to la frequency modulator 11. for frequencymodulatingy a carrier. The carrier may have a frequency of approximately 5-megacycles which is suitable for. modulationby the wide band television signals. The modul-ationvis such Y that the video signals representinglighter portions of the f images or scenes provide for lower frequencies, and the darker portions provide for higher frequencies. As is hereinafter described,y thisdirection of modulation is an important feature in Athe apparatus for viewing and editing the recorded frames. TheL frequency modulated. signal from t'hemodulator 11 is introduced to ay circuit 17 which rectangularizes. the individual pulses of the frequency modul-ated'carrier. Illustratively, the circuit 17 maybe a Schmitt trigger circuit Whichoperates inone .direction when the carrier increases to a predetermined value and which operates in the other direction when the carrier decreases to apredetermined value. The circuit 17 may having a duration which varies in accordance with the Videosignals from the-inputcircuit 10.

The rectangula-rized frequency modulated carrier from the -circuit '17 is introduced to the grid 13 of a video cathode ray tube 12. The cathode ray tube 12 is one of two .cathode ray tubes 12 and- 25futilizedin the recording apparatus of this; invention; The tube 12. isv utilized to record the video-'signals .and the-tube. 25Lis used toirecord the high fidelity audio 'signals-.fromv the circuit 3d. The signal to the grid 113 ofthe cathode ray tube consists of a series of pulses -of varying lengths depending upon the frequency modulationl or they video information. The beam in the cathode ray tube 12 is, therefore turned on and o f in accordance with the successive pulses from the circuit 17-.k

yThe horizontal movement of the beam in the cathode 4ray tube 12 is synchronized Witghthe videorsignals providedifrom the inputV cir-cuit{1ti^`sothat ahorizontal line of the cathode ray tube 12 is initiated at the beginning of a horizontalrlineofthe video signals. A/conventional type horizontall sync pulse separator 19 may be utilized to separate the horizontal SyIlCllroniz'ingY pulses of the video input signals kfrom the .circuit 10. The horizontal synchronizing pulsesare providedv from the separator 19 to a phase discriminator Ztlfwh'ich compares the phaseof these pulses with the phase of pulses provided froma .pulse generator 30. Any diierence in phase lbetween the two sets of pulsesprovidesfor" an error sign-al at the output of the phasediscriminator 20 which is 4introduced toa variableoscillator Z4. The oscillator 24 may include a react-ance tube, not shown, or other'means for varying the frequency of the oscillator in accordance with the error signalfrom the phase discriminator. The frequency of the oscillatort;accordingly, varies in accordance'wth the error signal provided thereto-so as to be directlyin step with the. horizontal*synchronizing pulsesA of. the video signals. The signal from the oscillator` 24j is yprovided to the pulse generator V30 so that the .pulsevgenerator 39' is driven in step yand in phase with the horizontal synchronizing pulses .of thevideo input signal'.

rl`he pulses from thepulse lgenerator 3.0 are provided'to a horizontalsweep circuit31 which. controls the. deection 'ofthe beam acrossthe faceofV the tube 12.' VVertical' deflection. is unnecessary because the image on the face of thegcathoderay tube 12l is provided' through a lens system 16 to a movingstrip of recordinglm 18.' The film limay be driven by, a conventional film drive 21 to move at a relatively constant velocity so that lineV after line of the video signals are recorded'on the iilm due toits own motion; The'speed of the film 18idetermines. the spacing betweenV thesuccessive horizontal video lines.. The lines are recorded; transversely across the lm strip in'a direction substantially perpendicular toits direction ofv motion.

The present invention i.s not restricted vto..photographic recording techniques as for example thermoplastic recording techniques may be utilized for recordingthe. video andaudio4 signals. When ythermoplastic recording is provided, anY electron beamin .a yinggspot' scanner is used instead of a; cathode ray tube as the transducing or recording means. The specific photographillustratiye embodiment is accordingly merely illustrative.

At the same time thatV the. video Vinformation is being recorded line Yby line transversely acrossthe ylmstrip 18,' the' audio'input informationfrom the circuit 36is alsorecorded on the film strip'lf. The input audio signal from the ycircuit y3:6A is providedtoi an analog-to-pulseV duration converter-38.' TheY converter 38 successivelysamples. the audio signall and providesa succession of pulses varying in duration in accordance with the .instantaneous magnitudesof theaudio.sign.all.`v The'sampling'in'put rateof the, audiosignals may ybe a multiple ofthe repetition rate of thetransyerse lines acrossthe film 18';V `The horizontal line, repetition rate. of. the conventional. videofsignal is 15-,750'1ines per. second. Utilizing asampling rate system signals to pulse duration signals.

arsaeea of the type described herein, frequencies equal to approximately one third the sampling rate may be recorded. If the sampling rate, accordingly, is 15,750 cycles per second, the upper recordable frequency of the sound is approximately 5,250 cycles per second. For high iidelity recording, frequencies above these frequencies are, however, required. The sampling rate of the converter 38 is,-A

accordingly, higher than the line repetition rate of the video signals. Illustratively,` the sampling rate may be three times the video line repetition rate to provide for recording sound frequencies up to about kc.

The pulse generator 30, described above, provides the pulses at a repetition rate of 15,750 pulses per second to a frequency multiplier 32 as well as to the sweep circuit 31. The output of the multiplier 32 may be a series of pulses at a repetition rate of three times 15,750 pulses per second which is 47,250 pulses per second. These pulses from the multiplier 32 are synchronized with the input video signal because the pulse generator E@ is synchronized therewith. The pulses from the multiplier 32 are utilized to operate a horizontal sweep circuit 34 and a blanking pulse generator 37 associated with the audio cathode ray tube Z5. The pulses from the multiplier 32 vare also introduced to the converter 38 for successively sampling the audio input signals. The audio input signals are, accordingly, sampled at a rate of 47,250 times per second and the audio cathode ray tube is operated at a line scanning rate of 47,250 lines per second.

Any conventional type of analog-to-pulse duration converter may be utilized for converting the analog audio One such converter is depicted in detail in FIGURE l. The -sampling pulsesare provided through a resistor 41 to the control grid of a triode 39 in the converter 3S. A varying bias potential is provided to the control grid of the tube 39 from the audio input circuit Se, but the magnitude of the successive pulses from the multiplier 32 is constant. The signal at the control grid, accordingly, represents the sum of the magnitude of the sampling pulse and the instantaneous magnitude of the audio input signal. The signal at the control grid of the triode 39 varies the conductivity of the triode and accordingly the potential at its anode. The tube 39 is conductive over a path from a positive potential source through a plate resistor 43, the triode 39 and a cathode resistor 42 to ground. Between pulses from ythe multiplier 32, the potential at the anode of the tube 39 is'determined by the instantaneous magnitude of the audio input signal. The potential at the anode controls the discharge time of a capacitor 45 connected between the anode of the triode 39 and the control grid of a triode 40 so that the triode 4d becomes conductive at a time determined by the instantaneous'magnitude of the audio input signal. The control grid of the triode 40 is biased from a negative potential source -through a resistor 47 so that the triode 40 remains'non-conductive when only the audio signals are introduced to the control grid of the triode 34. The cathode of the triode 40 is connected :to the cathode resistor 42, and itsanode is biased through a resistor 48 connected to a positive potential source. Responsive to each pulse from the multiplier 32, a pulse is developed by the converter 38 initiating at a time determined by the magnitude of the audio input signal. The nagative pulse from the converter 38 may be utilized for blanking the beam in the cathode ray tube 25.

Referring now to FIGURE 3, the successive audio lines 52 on the film strip' 18 are each initiated and then are terminated by the converter 38 at a point determined by the audio signals. The-nlm strip 18 may be capstan or sprocket driven at a constant speed adjacent the tubes 12 and 25. The iilm strip 18 includes the audio recorded s `lines 52 and the video recorded lines 53 shown arranged along two' longitudinal` or lengthwise areas of the strip 18. Three audio recorder lines 52 are provided for each of the video recorded lines 53. The iirst of each three audio lines 52 may be directly in alignment with 4the associated video line 53. Depending upon the polarity of the pulses introduced to the tube 25, and whether a positive or negative is made from the film strip, one portion or the other of the transverse line across the audio portion of the strip 18 may be dark and the other light. The video portion and each line 53 consists of many dark and light dashes of varying lengths depending upon the video information.

In FIGURE 3, the longitudinal spacing of the lines 52 and 53 is exaggerated as they would be much closer together and seeming to blend one into another to an observer. For example, if the width of each track or line 53 is .75 inch, the 262.5 lines forming a video iield may occupy 3/ .75=%6 inch or have a density of approximately 466 lines per inch. The lines 53, accordingly, form a diifraction grating of light and dark dashes of varying lengths. The appearance of the frame is gray. However, when light is provided at an angle to the film strip 18, as depicted in FIGURES 4 and 5, the closely spaced successive dots in each line 53 seem to blend together due to the interference patterns formed by the grating. As described above, the closely spaced dots represent darker portions of the scene represented by the input video signals. In FIGURES 4- and 5, light is provided from a source 1%, and the lines 53 are aligned inthe direction of the arrow at the right of the strip 18 in FIGURE 4. When viewed in this manner, interference patterns result infetfectively blending the closely spaced dots-in each line S3 as acontiguous dark mass. In this manner, the portions of e'achline 53 representing darker portions actually appears darker so that the resulting image to an observer at position is essentially the same as the original scene from which the input video signals were produced. This image may be projected and enlarged for easier viewing.

The successive frames of the video signals are recorded on the iilm strip 18, field by lield, with a separation between the recorded video singals due to the vertical blanking interval in the signals between successive fields. The video .and audio information may be reproduced from the film strip 18 by the apparatus depictedin FIGURE 2. As shown in FIGURE 2, two flying spot scanners 65 and 82 are utilized for reproducing respectively the video andthe audio signals from the strip 18. The flying spot scanner 65 and the ilying spot scanner 82 are both synchronized with the movement of the film strip 18. The motor or film drive 81 drives a tachometer 84 which may include multiplying means, not shown. The output of the tachorneter 84 is a series of pulses having a repetition rate or frequency which varies with the speed of the motor 81. The nominal repetition rate may be 47,250 cycles per'second.

The succesive pulses from the tachometer 84 are introduced asA one input to a phase discriminator 86. The other input is provided from the pulse generator 73 having a nominal repetition rate of 47,750 pulses per second. The difference in phase between the pulses from the generator 73 and between the differentiated pulses from the tachometer 84 'causes the discriminator 86 to develop an error signal in accordance therewith. The error signal from the discriminator 86 is introduced to a variable oscillator 87 which controls the instantaneous repetition rate of the pulse generator 73.y The pulse generator 73 is, in this manner, sychronized with the movement of the iilm strip 18.

The pulses from the pulse generator 73 are introduced to a sweep circuit i2 for controlling the horizontal line frequency of the -audio scanner 82. The sweep signals from the circuit 72 are provided to a `deection coil 83 of the audio scanner 82. 'The control grid 85 of the scanner 82 may be grounded. The pulses from the generator 73 are also introduced to a frequency Vdivider 63 which lprovides pulses at a nominal repetition rate of 15,750 pulses per second. The frequency'division is, accordingly, by a factor of 3. The pulses from the frequency divider 63 are introduced to a horizontal sweep circuit 62 for controlling the deilection of the video scan- 18', with the scanner S2 being operatedat a line `scanning rate three times that of the Scanner65.` The beams in` thescanner 65 are blanked during the retrace time so that, signals are not developed at the photocells 74fand 75 at suchtimes. The signals from the film strip 18 are simultaneously received at the photocells 74 and 75 from the two different longitudinal areas of the film strip 1S. MoreV particularly,` the signals from the video lines 53 are received at the photocell 74, and the signals from the audio lines 52 are received at the audio photocells '75. The two photocellst and 75 may be separated by a light shield 77.

The signals'from the audio photocell 75 are pulse signals with each pulse beginning at a time position indicaf tive of the instantaneous magnitude ofthe original audio signals. The successive line scans are initiated inthe opaque parts of the successive lines 52 so that the reproduced pulses are iirst initiated at the beginningof the light or transparent part of the lines 52 following the opaque parts. The pulses from the generator 73 are utilized for recovering the audio signals from the film strip 13. The

flying spot scanner 82 scans the portion of the tilm strip i 1S.v which includes the audio recorded linesV 52 by means of a lens system 8|)` and a prism 79. The output of the photocell 75 is, accordingly, a series of pulses initiated at the light portions of the successive audio lines 52. The signals from the photocell- 75 are provided to an ampliiier `and differentiating circuit 92 which provides a series of positive pulses fon resetting a fiip-fiop circuit 9i). The Y flip-flop circuit 90' is set by a delay circuit 88- controlled by the pulse generator 73; The iiip-op circuit 9B is, accordingly, setv periodically at a substantially fixed time epoch but is reset at a time position varying, in accordance withY the. audio information reproduced from the film strip 1%; The dip-op circuit 90, accordingly, produces` varyingyduration pulses `in accordance `with. the audio input signals.

The varying duration pulsesfrom the .flip-dop circuit 90 are` provided-toen integrator circuit 93 which develops a smooth varying signalnwhichfis essentially similar` tothe input audio signal. The signal from the integrator circuit 93 is amplifiedy by an. amplifier 911il and the amplified signal isprovideditoan audio output circuit 96. i At the same time that the audio signals are received at the circuit` 96, the video signals are received at an output circuit 78.

The` circuit 78 may include demodulating means for recoveringv the video signals from the frequency modulated ca rnier.

rIhe reproduction system is effective as a noise supf pressingsystem withrespect to noise from any dirtor dust on the filmv strip 18. As` described above, the scannerd2 initiates its trace or line scanfafter thebeginningof-a line 521011 the strip lrwhichis upon an opaque portion ofthe, stripvl. The flip-flop circuitti .isreset at atime position when the scanner S2-reaches the transparent porf tionof` the strip 18, at. the end of `the respective line 52.`

The iiip-,tiop circuit dthen remains. reset andanyy dirt on the transparent portion does not set itk or affect the time it.is.reset.Y Similarly, any dust` or dirton aline 52does not cause the circuittrto reset and, accordingly, `doesnot affect the reproducing accuracy or introduce a `noise component.

Although this invention: has .been` disclosed and illus-Y trated with-reference to particularl applications, the principlesfinvolvedare susceptibleof numerous other applica.- tions which .will be apparent topersons skilled in the art. The, invention is, therefore, to be limited only as f indicated by the scope of the .appended claims.`

What is claimed 'ist :1. A system for recording both primary signals having -a relatively wide `frequency band and auxiliary signals hav-V ing a relatively narrow frequency band andi being synchronized with the primary signals' where the system is used with a movable recording vrnediurn,r the system including: means operatively coupled to the medium for obtaining a move-ment of the medi-um, first line scanning means for recording the primary signals as a ser-ies of tracks partially across the movable recording medium in a direction transverse tothe direction of movement of the recording ymedium and forv obt-ain-ingsuch, recording during the move-ment of the medium,A meanstor sampling the .auxiliary signals at a repetition rate related to the line repetition rate of said'` first line scanning means, and secondv line scanningv means synchronized with sa-id first line scanningmeans for recording the` sampled auxiliary signals as a series of traclcs partially across the movable recording medium yin a direction aligned .with the direction of the tnaclcs recorded by said first line scanning means and, for obtaining. such` recording'duringk the movement of the medium whereby the primary signals are recorded in a first portion of the recording mediumV aligned inthe directionfof vits movement. andthe. auxiliary signals are recorded .in a second such portion.

2. A system for recording on a mov-able recording medium both a line-scan video signal Iand a continuously variable-audio signal associatedwith the video sign-al where the movable recording Vmedium has la. first and a second recording area. aligned. along the medium inthe direction of its motion, including, means operatively coupled to the mediumV for obtaining a movement ofthe medium, means positioned relative yto the recordingvmediumfor recording the line-scanV video signal in the first recording areaV inv a series of transverse tracks extending across the first recording area and for recording the `linewscan video signals during the movement of the medium,gmcans synchronized with saidrecording means-for' sampling the audio signal to provide for a ser-ies of pulses having duration representing instantaneous values of theaudio'signals, and means synchronized with the recordingmeans and-coupled to saidsampling means for recording the pulses from said sampling ,means in a series of transverse track-sy substanttially parallel to the first transverse tracks and extend-ing across the second reoording'areafof. the recording medium and for recording the pulses from thesampling means during the movement ofthe medium.

3;,A system for recording on a movable recording medi-urn both primary `signals having arelatively wide-frequency band and auxiliary signalshaving a relatively narrow frequency bandv and being synchronized-With the primary signals, including, means'operatively coupled to the Imediurrrfor obtaining a movement ofthe medium, first line scanning means `for recording the primary signals as a .series of tracks partially acrossrthe moving recording medium in a direction transverse to thedirection of movementfof the recording medium and for recording the primary signals during the, movement of the medium, means for converting `the auxiliary signals to pulse duration signals at a repetition rate related tothe line repetition rate of said firstlinescanningmeans, and second Iinescanning` means 'synclironizedV withy said; first lineA scanning means for recordingthesarnpled auxiliary signalsas a series of tracks partially acrossvthe ,moving'recording medium'in a direction aligned with the direction of the tracks recorded by said first line scanning'meansand: orrecording the sampled auxiliary signalsduring the movement of the medium whereby theA primary signals' are recorded in a first'portion of the recording medium aligned in the direction ofits movement and the auxiliary signals are recorded in a secondfsuchrportion. l

4; 'A recording andfreproducingsystem for a line-scan video signal and acontinuously variabley audio signalA as.- sociatedV lwith the video signal where the system `is used within -a movable recording medium Ihaving. afirst and a second recording area alignedalong the medium in the "direction of its-motion, theI system including, meansoper sdf-39,6893

Y 9 Y -atively coupled to the medium for obtaining a' movement of the medium, means positioned relative to the recording medium for recording the line-scan video signal in the rst recording area in a series of transverse tracks extending across the rst recording area, means synchronized with said recording means for sampling the audio signal to provide for series of pulses representing the instantaneous values of the audio signals, means synchronized with the recording means and coupled to said sampling means for recording the pulses from said sampling means in a series of transverse ltracks extending across the second recording area of the recording medium, means synchronized with the movement of the recording medium for reproducing the video sign-al recorded in the first area of the recording medium, means synchronized with the movement of the recording medium for reproducing the pulses recorded in the second area of the recording medium, and means coupled to said second mentioned reproducing means for converting the reproduced pulses to a continuously variable signal substantially similar to the .audio signal associated with the video signal.

'5. A recording system for both line-scan signals and continuous signals synchronized with the line-scan signals where the system is used with a recording medium having a lirst and a second recording area, the system including, meansoperatively coupl-ed to the medium for obtaining a movement of the medium, means positioned relative to the rst area of the recording medium for recording the line-scan signals as a series of tracks on the tir-st area in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the medium and for recording the line-scan signals during the .movement of the medium, means for successively sampling the continuous signals to provide a series of sampled pulses, and means coupled to s-aid sampling means and positioned relative to the second area of the recording medium for recording the sampled pulses as a series of tracks in the transverse direction 'on the second area and for recording the sampled pulses during the movement oi the medium.

6. A reproducing system for use with a moving recording medium having a tirs-t recording area upon which are recorded successive transverse tracks representing linescan wide-band signals a-nd further having a second recording area upon which are recorded successive transverse tracks aligned with .the tracks of said irst area where the successive transverse tracks have durations representing the instantaneous amplitudes of an audio signal at progressive instants of time, the system including: means for moving said recording medium, first scanning means positioned relative to the iirst area for reproducing the signals recorded in the successive transverse tracks of the first area and for reproducing such signals during the movement of the medium; second scanning means positioned relative to the second area for reproducing the signals recorded in the succes-sive transverse tracks of the second area and for reproducing such signals during the movement of the medium, and means coupled to the second scanning means yfor converting the durations of the successive reproduced signals from the second scanning means to a continuously variable signal having an amplitude representing such durations to recons-titute the amplitude of the audio signal.

7. A .system for reproducing line-scan signals recorded as successive transverse tracks partially across a movable recording medium and also pulse duration signals recorded as successive transverse tracks partially across the movable recording medium, Where the number of transverse tracks in the second area is greater by an integer factor than the number of transverse track-s in the iirst area, the system including: means for moving said recording medium, iirst scanning means positioned relative to the rst area for reproducing the signal-s recorded in the successive transverse tracks of the iirst area; second scanning means positioned relative to the second area for reproducing the signals recorded in the s-uccessive transverse tracks of the second area, and mea-ns coupled to the second scanning means for converting the successive reproduced signals from the second scanning means to a continuous varying signal representing the audio signals.

9. A recording and reproducing system for both linescan signals and continuous signals synchronized with the line-scan signals lwhere the system is used with a recording medium having a rst and a second recording area, the system including: means positioned relative to the rst area of the recording medium for recording the line-scan s-igna-ls as a series of tracks on the iirst area, means for successively sampling the continuous signals to provide a series of sampled pulses, means coupled to said sampling means and positioned relative to the second area of the recording medium for recording the sampled pulses as a series of tracks on the second area, mean-s for moving said recording medium, rst scanning means positioned relative tothe iirst area for reproducing the signals recorded in the successive transverse tracks of the iirst area; second scanning means positioned relative to the second area for reproducing the signal-s recorded in the successive transverse tracks of the second area, and means coupled to the second scanning means for converting the successive reproduced signals from the second scanning means to a continuous varying signal representing the audio signals.

9. A .recording and reproducing system in accordance with claim 8 wherein each o-f said iirst and said second scanning means and said converting means are synchronized with the moving recording medium.

10. A system for recording bot-h primary signals having a relatively Wide frequency band and auxiliary signals having a relatively narrow frequency band and being synchronized with the primary signals where the system is used with a movable recording medium, the system including: mean-s operatively coupled to the. recording medium for obtaining a movement of the medium, -a source of carrier frequency means coupled to the source for frequency modulating the primary sign-als on the carrier frequency, means coupled to the modulating means for rectangularizing the frequency mfodulated signals from said modulating means to provide a series of pulses varying in duration in accordance with primary signals, first line scanning means coupled to said rectangularizing means for recording the series of pulses in a succession of transverse tracks partially across the moving recording medium f in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the recording medium, means for converting the lauxiliary signals to pulse duration signals at a repetition rate relalted to the line repetition rate of said iirst line scanning means, and second line scanning means synchronized with said first line scanning means for recording the sampled auxiliary signals as `a series of tracks partially across the moving recording .medium in a direction aligned with the direction of the tracks recorded by said rst line scanning means whereby the primary signals are recorded in a first portion of the recording medium aligned in t-he direction of its movement and the auxiliary signals are recorded in a second such portion.

-11. A system for recording on a movable recording medium both a line-scan video signal and a continuously variable audio signal associated with the video signal where the .movable recording medium has lirst and second recording areas aligned along the medium in the direction of its motion, the systelm including,

means operatively coupled to the medi-um for obtaining la movement of the medium,

A:means positioned relative to the recording medium for recording the line-scan video signal in the first recording area in a series of transverse tracks extending lacross the lirst recording area, n

lmeans synchronized with the recording means for sampling the audio signal to provide for a series .of pulses representing instantaneous values of the audio signals, and

means synchronized with the recording means and cou- 3,189,683 il 'i2 pled to the sampling .means for recording the pulses ing in addi-tion means coupled to the rst mentioned and rfrom the .sampling means in a series of tracks extendto the second rnentionedr recording means for synchro- -ing across the second recording area of the recordniiingthe operation f the irstmentied and the secing medium, .the repetition rate ofthe sampling means rond mentioned recording means 'with the line-scan sig- !being greater by a particular ratio than the line 5 nals, and Y repetition rate of the line-scan video signals. Lm'eans coupled to the saniplingmean's for synchronizing 1 2. A recording system for both line-'scan signals and the `oper'atioi'i ofthe sampling means with the line repcontinuous signals synchronized with the line-scan ysignals etiti rate of the line-scan signals. where the system is used with a recording medium having y it Y l 4 rst and second recording' areas, the system including, 1() References Cmd by the Exammer means operatively coupled to ther medium for obtain- UNITED STATES PATENTS 'ing a movement 0f the medium, `1,993 v4,546 4/3-5V Severy g 17`9 .100 3 #means positioned relative to the rst area of the record- Q 128978. .8/38 Davis 178 5 6 ing medium for recording the line-:scan signals as` a 3:63302 11 /44 @6mm 17,8 55 SCIBS 0f 'I'fakSOll the TSl. 2F63, A 15 465,849- Cooey means for successively samplingr the continuous signals 2681382 Y6/54 l Hbum '178 6.7 to provide a series of samples pulses, and 27'69028 k107,56' Webb 178 5 4 means coupled to the sampling means and positioned 283'960@ (w58, Frias Y 178 6'7 relative to the second area of the recording medium 2,952,737 K9/6() F-riess u 1725--q 6 yfor recording the sampled' .pulses as a series of tracks 20 v y' on the second area, the repetition rate of the sampling FOREIGN PATENTS means being greater by a particular integer factor 83,475 3/@1 Austria. lgrllrgtnfpetuon me of the im mentoned DAvrD G VREDrNBAUGH, Prim-ary Examiner.

13. The recordingsystem set forth in claim 12 includ- 25 NEWTON N. LVEWELL, Examiner. 

1. A SYSTEM FOR RECORDING BOTH PRIMARY SIGNALS HAVING A RELATIVELY WIDE FREQUENCY BAND AND AUXILIARY SIGNALS HAVING A RELATIVELY NARROW FREQUENCY BAND AND BEING SYNCHRONIZED WITH THE PRIMARY SIGNALS WHERE THE SYSTEM IS USED WITH A MOVABLE RECORDING MEDIUM, THE SYSTEM INCLUDING: MEANS OPERATIVELY COUPLED TO THE MEDIUM FOR OBTAINING A MOVEMENT OF THE MEDIUM FIRST LINE SCANNING MEANS FOR RECORDING THE PRIMARY SIGNALS AS A SERIES OF TRACKS PARTIALLY ACROSS THE MOVABLE RECORDING MEDIUM IN A DIRECTION TRANSVERSE TO THE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT OF THE RECORDING MEDIUM AND FOR OBTAINING SUCH RECORDING DURING THE MOVEMENT OF THE MEDIUM, MEANS FOR SAMPLING THE AUXILIARY SIGNALS AT A REPETITION RATE RELATED TO THE LINE REPETITION RATE OF SAID FIRST LINE SCANNING MEANS, AND SECOND LINE SCANNING MEANS SYNCHRONIZED WITH SAID FIRST LINE SCANNING MEANS FOR RECORDING THE SAMPLED AUXILIARY SIGNALS AS A SERIES OF TRACKS PARTIALLY ACROSS THE MOVABLE RECORDING MEDIUM IN A DIRECTION ALIGNED WITH THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACKS RECORDED BY SAID FIRST LINE SCANNING MEANS AND FOR OBTAINING SUCH RECORDING DURING THE MOVEMENT OF THE MEDIUM WHEREBY THE PRIMARY SIGNALS ARE RECORDED IN A FIRST PORTION OF THE RECORDING MEDIUM ALIGNED IN THE DIRECTION OF ITS MOVEMENT AND THE AUXILIARY SIGNALS ARE RECORDED IN A SECOND SUCH PORTION. 